What are you looking at? More code. Joy!
I know I’ve been doing a lot of these code tidbits lately but it’s what has been driving me to sit at the bench. This is my first I2C project.. I pulled heavily from many sources of snippets, documentation and projects; microchip forums (*some of it wrong*), app data, both pieces of product data and a lot of trial and error… mostly error.
In a run up to my weather radio project I needed to get familiar with using I2C with the XC8 compiler. I’ve been focusing most of my experimenting with the 16F1509 lately so I’ll be sticking with it again here. I switched to the ‘1509 from the 16F628A. In the future I have the 16F916 I have plans for and then I’ll go back to the 18F series to work on the USB project in the no-so-distant future.
Before I prepared to working on this project Jayson Tautic mentioned you don’t work on I2C without a logic analyzer; I’ve never known a person to be so absolutely correct about anything, ever. So, I bought one. My little logic analyzer was absolutely required, I know I wouldn’t have gotten this finished without it. You’ll note the screen shot… catching these little burps with a scope would have been pretty difficult.
I’m really thankful he recommended the Saleae. It was on the top of my list but his recommendation sold me on pulling the trigger.
This article is not to explain or go into the I2C protocol, there are a ton of “101” articles out there.. just pick one, or two, or three. I started with this one from embedded lab.
I picked the TCN75A temp sensor for this I2C test. I had a BMP085 but I accidentally blew it up on 5V when I threw my RS-232 board on and forgot I had the sensor still plugged in… Ooops! The BMP085 is a 3.3V device. I really need to buy a dual breadboard power supply one of these days!
In short to communicate with this TCN75A you write the “Write” control byte to the I2C bus, you look for your /ACK set your pointer and set the configuration byte… wait “forever” (240ms according to DS21935A) for the conversion, write the write control byte address, set the pointer, restart, write the “read” control byte and grab your two bytes of temperature data. You should /ACK the first byte of received data.. NAK the second. I made the mistake of /ACKing both bytes.. that causes the I2C slave to hang the SDA low..
In slightly more detail:
START I2C
Send Address 0x90
Send 0x01 conf pointer
Send 0xE1 “one shot” 12bit conversion
STOP I2C
…wait
START I2C
Send Address 0x90
0x00
RESTART I2C
Send Address 0x91
READ I2C //HIGH
ACK
READ I2C //LOW
NAK
STOP I2C
So it worked… I dumped the raw info to the UART. I didn’t really feel like dumping it to an LCD or anything since I’d be more likely to use this for telemetry than for a local display. It’s a good starting block to a vasic project. I’ll add the code on my code sample page later on this weekend but for now you can find it below….
The code:
/* * File: newmain.c * Author: Charles M Douvier * Contact at: http://iradan.com * * Created on January 26, 2014, 12:00 PM * * Target Device: * 16F1509 on Tautic 20 pin dev board * * Project: * I2C Testing with the TCN75A * * Version: * 0.1 Start Bit, and Control Byte ... check * 0.2 /ACK NAK and Stop ... check! * 0.3 works+232 * */ #ifndef _XTAL_FREQ #define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 //4Mhz FRC internal osc #define __delay_us(x) _delay((unsigned long)((x)*(_XTAL_FREQ/4000000.0))) #define __delay_ms(x) _delay((unsigned long)((x)*(_XTAL_FREQ/4000.0))) #endif
#include <xc.h>
//config bits #pragma config FOSC=INTOSC, WDTE=OFF, PWRTE=ON, MCLRE=ON, CP=OFF, BOREN=OFF, CLKOUTEN=OFF, FCMEN=OFF #pragma config WRT=OFF, STVREN=OFF, LVP=OFF //IESO=OFF
#define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 //defined for delay #define device_address 0b1001000 // TCN75A Address (A012 =0)
unsigned int ACK_bit; int i; unsigned char byte, tempbyte1, tempbyte2;
void init_io(void) {
ANSELA = 0x00; // all port A pins are digital I/O ANSELB = 0x00; // all port A pins are digital I/O ANSELC = 0x00; // all port B pins are digital I/O
TRISAbits.TRISA0 = 1; // output TRISAbits.TRISA1 = 1; // output TRISAbits.TRISA2 = 1; // output TRISAbits.TRISA3 = 1; // output TRISAbits.TRISA4 = 1; // output TRISAbits.TRISA5 = 1; // output
TRISBbits.TRISB4 = 1; // RB4 I2C SDA, has to be set as an input TRISBbits.TRISB5 = 1; // RB5 = nc TRISBbits.TRISB6 = 1; // RB6 I2C SCLK, has to be set as an input TRISBbits.TRISB7 = 0; // RS232 TX
TRISCbits.TRISC0 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC1 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC2 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC3 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC4 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC5 = 0; // output TRISCbits.TRISC6 = 0; // input TRISCbits.TRISC7 = 0; // input
LATCbits.LATC0 = 1; LATCbits.LATC1 = 0; LATCbits.LATC2 = 0; }
void uart_xmit(unsigned int mydata_byte) {
while(!TXSTAbits.TRMT); // make sure buffer full bit is high before transmitting
TXREG = mydata_byte; // transmit data
}
void serial_init(void)
{
// calculate values of SPBRGL and SPBRGH based on the desired baud rate // // For 8 bit Async mode with BRGH=0: Desired Baud rate = Fosc/64([SPBRGH:SPBRGL]+1) // For 8 bit Async mode with BRGH=1: Desired Baud rate = Fosc/16([SPBRGH:SPBRGL]+1)
TXSTAbits.BRGH=1; // select low speed Baud Rate (see baud rate calcs below) TXSTAbits.TX9=0; // select 8 data bits TXSTAbits.TXEN = 1; // enable transmit
RCSTAbits.SPEN=1; // serial port is enabled RCSTAbits.RX9=0; // select 8 data bits RCSTAbits.CREN=1; // receive enabled
SPBRGL=25; // here is calculated value of SPBRGH and SPBRGL SPBRGH=0;
PIR1bits.RCIF=0; // make sure receive interrupt flag is clear PIE1bits.RCIE=1; // enable UART Receive interrupt INTCONbits.PEIE = 1; // Enable peripheral interrupt INTCONbits.GIE = 1; // enable global interrupt
__delay_ms(50); // give time for voltage levels on board to settle
uart_xmit('R'); // transmit some data
uart_xmit('S');
uart_xmit('T');
}
void I2C_ACK(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSP1CON2bits.ACKDT=0; // clear the Acknowledge Data Bit - this means we are sending an Acknowledge or 'ACK'
SSP1CON2bits.ACKEN=1; // set the ACK enable bit to initiate transmission of the ACK bit to the serial eeprom
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF); // Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
}
void Send_I2C_Data(unsigned int databyte)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSPBUF = databyte; // send databyte
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF); // Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
}
unsigned char RX_I2C_Data (void)
{
RCEN = 1; // while( RCEN ) continue; while( !BF ) continue; byte = SSPBUF; return byte; }
void I2C_Control_Write(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSP1BUF = 0x90; // send the control byte (90 TCN75, EF BMP085)
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF) // Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
{
i = 1;
// place to add a breakpoint if needed
}
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0;
}
void I2C_Control_Read(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSP1BUF = 0x91; // send the control byte (90 TCN75, EF BMP085)
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF) // Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
{
i = 1;
// place to add a breakpoint if needed
}
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0;
}
void I2C_Start_Bit(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSPCON2bits.SEN=1; // send start bit
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF) // Wait for the SSPIF bit to go back high before we load the data buffer
{
i = 1;
}
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0;
}
void I2C_check_idle()
{
unsigned char byte1; // R/W status: Is a transfer in progress?
unsigned char byte2; // Lower 5 bits: Acknowledge Sequence, Receive, STOP, Repeated START, START
do
{
byte1 = SSPSTAT & 0x04;
byte2 = SSPCON2 & 0x1F;
} while( byte1 | byte2 );
}
/*
* Send the repeated start message and wait repeated start to finish.
*/
void I2C_restart()
{
I2C_check_idle();
RSEN = 1; // Reinitiate start
while( RSEN ) continue;
}
void I2C_Stop_Bit(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSPCON2bits.PEN=1; // send stop bit
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF)
{
i = 1;
// Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
}
}
void I2C_NAK(void)
{
PIR1bits.SSP1IF=0; // clear SSP interrupt bit
SSP1CON2bits.ACKDT=1; // set the Acknowledge Data Bit- this means we are sending a No-Ack or 'NAK'
SSP1CON2bits.ACKEN=1; // set the ACK enable bit to initiate transmission of the ACK bit to the serial eeprom
while(!PIR1bits.SSP1IF) // Wait for interrupt flag to go high indicating transmission is complete
{
i = 1;
}
}
int main(void) {
OSCCONbits.IRCF = 0x0d; //set OSCCON IRCF bits to select OSC frequency 4MHz OSCCONbits.SCS = 0x02; OPTION_REGbits.nWPUEN = 0; //enable weak pullups (each pin must be enabled individually)
init_io(); serial_init();
SSPCONbits.SSPM=0x08; // I2C Master mode, clock = Fosc/(4 * (SSPADD+1)) SSPCONbits.SSPEN=1; // enable MSSP port SSPADD = 0x09; //figure out which one you can ditch sometime (probably either) SSP1ADD = 0x09; // 100KHz // **************************************************************************************
__delay_ms(50); // let everything settle.
I2C_Start_Bit(); // send start bit I2C_Control_Write(); // send control byte with read set
if (!SSP1CON2bits.ACKSTAT) LATCbits.LATC1 = 0; //device /ACked?
Send_I2C_Data(0x01); //pointer Send_I2C_Data(0xE1); //1 shot, 12bit res I2C_Stop_Bit(); __delay_ms(500); //wait for conversion
I2C_Start_Bit(); // send start bit I2C_Control_Write(); // send control byte with read set if (!SSP1CON2bits.ACKSTAT) LATCbits.LATC1 = 0; Send_I2C_Data(0x00); //pointer
I2C_restart(); //restart I2C_Control_Read(); RX_I2C_Data(); //read high tempbyte1=byte; I2C_ACK(); //ACK RX_I2C_Data(); //read low tempbyte2=byte; I2C_NAK(); //NAK //I2C_restart(); I2C_Stop_Bit(); // Send Stop Bit
uart_xmit(tempbyte1); //send data off raw by UART uart_xmit(tempbyte2);
__delay_ms(1); // delay.. just because
while (1) {
__delay_ms(500);
LATCbits.LATC0 = 1; //blinky
__delay_ms(500);
LATCbits.LATC0 = 0;
}
return;
}
